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Paul Gratzik (born 30 November 1935 in Lindenhof, near Lötzen in East Prussia) is a German dramatist and novelist. He came to wider public attention in 2011 as the subject of the documentary film ''Vaterlandsverräter'' (English translation: Enemy of the State) about his past as a Stasi informer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://vaterlandsverraeter.com/ )〕 ==Life== Paul Gratzik was the third of six children of a farm worker in the then German state of East Prussia, now in eastern Poland. His father fell in the first days of the war. Early in 1945 he, his mother, and siblings fled westwards in an ox cart, ending up in Schönberg in Mecklenburg, in what would become East Germany.〔 After completing compulsory education he undertook a carpentry apprenticeship from 1952 to 1954, and then did manual work in the Ruhr, in Berlin, in Weimar, and later in the brown coal open-cast mine in Schlabendorf in the Lausitz. In Berlin he tried to complete his Abitur at evening classes.〔 In Weimar, in 1962, he was an official in the local Free German Youth and decided to collaborate with the Ministry for State Security (MfS or Stasi) as an informer. He also began to write.〔〔 From 1963 to 1968 he studied at the Weimar teacher training institute (:de:Institut für Lehrerbildung).〔 His first play was published in 1966.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?query=per%3D%22paul+gratzik%22&method=simpleSearch )〕 In 1968 he enrolled at the "Johannes R. Brecher" Institute for Literature at Leipzig University, a creative writing school, but after a short time, by almost unanimous vote of faculty and students, he was expelled.〔〔 He then taught at a children's home in Dönschten in the Osterzgebirge. In 1971 he began to work full-time as a writer and joined the GDR writer's guild (Deutscher Schriftstellerverband). But in 1974 he began again to work in industry, part-time, at the Dresden transformer factory. From 1977, Gratzik lived in Berlin, employed as playwright by the Berliner Ensemble. He was awarded the Heinrich Mann Prize in 1980.〔 Then in 1981 he refused all further cooperation with the MfS and confessed to his friends, amongst them Heiner Müller, that he had informed on them. He was no longer allowed to publish, and many friends shunned him. From 1984 he himself became an object of observation by the MfS and experienced harassment by them.〔 Since the middle of the 1980s he has lived in seclusion in the Uckermark, between Templin and Prenzlau.〔 Paul Gratzik's work reflects his own experiences as a manual worker under East German socialism. Although a convinced communist, his unadorned realism, and readiness to tackle taboo themes, for example the Jugendwerkhöfe, East German juvenile re-education establishments, brought him into conflict with the censors.〔 In GDR literary circles he was, as a worker who wrote, already unusual, but his gregariousness, charisma, and magnetic effect on women, made him one of the most colourful figures.〔 Neither the British Library nor the German National Library list any English translations of his work.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://catalogue.bl.uk/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Gratzik」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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